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eBook details

• Title: Challenges in Thermodynamics: Irreversible Processes, Nonextensive Entropies, And Systems Without Equilibrium States (Report)
• Author : Pure and Applied Chemistry
• Release Date : January 01, 2009
• Genre: Chemistry,Books,Science & Nature,
• Pages : * pages
• Size : 205 KB

Description

OPENING REMARKS Irreversible pathways connecting two equilibrium states are not well understood. Even less is known about general rules which govern systems far from equilibrium. In this mini-review, I have made a choice of some problems which, in my opinion, define challenges facing our community of thermo dynamics and statistical mechanics. Among them I will present the Jarzynski equation, discovered in 1997, which relates works done in irreversible processes to the free energy difference [1-5]. Furthermore, I will describe recent findings concerning dynamic pathways governing evaporation and condensation [6-19] and mention late stages of a process of phase separation [20]. I will also discuss systems that are nonextensive and therefore cannot be described by the Boltzmann-Gibbs-Shannon (BGS) entropy. In its place, new paradigms are introduced such as Renyi or Tsallis entropies [21-26]. Finally, I will briefly touch on the problem of systems, such as living matter, which by definition do not have equilibrium states. We cannot use, in their context, a paradigm of isolated system or equilibrium state or even a notion of subsystem. Most certainly, new descriptions and new paradigms are needed to properly describe such systems.

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